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Why can't we Eliminate Mosquitoes?

 Article by Bryant Yuan -- You've been walking in the park, enjoying the peace of your evening stroll, when suddenly you hear an unmistakable sound. It's the high-pitched drone of a mosquito in flight. As you take a few more steps, the sound becomes louder and more persistent until you find yourself surrounded by a swarm of airborne pests. You wave your arms and slap at your skin to ward them off, but it does nothing. When the ordeal is over, painful welts cover your skin that will bother you for the next few days. It's surprising to know that mosquitoes cause more deaths than any other species currently known. Half the global population is at risk of catching diseases from a single mosquito bite. Over a million people die from mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and yellow fever each year. These diseases usually affect people from poorer countries. Livestock and other animals are also vulnerable to these deadly diseases. You may wonder, why can't we just k
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Why Do We Always Have Room for Dessert?

Why Do We Always Have Room for Dessert?



Have you ever found yourself feeling full after a big meal, but still wanting to indulge in a sweet treat? This phenomenon is commonly referred to as "dessert stomach," and while it may feel like we have a separate physical stomach for dessert, there are several factors that contribute to this feeling.


Sensory-Specific Satiety


One factor that contributes to dessert stomach is sensory-specific satiety. This refers to the declining satisfaction we experience when we consume a certain type of food, and the consequent renewal in appetite resulting from exposure to a new flavor or food[1]. In other words, when we eat a variety of foods, our appetite is renewed, and we can continue eating even if we feel full. This is why we may feel like we have room for dessert even after a filling meal.


Reward Chemicals


The brain produces reward chemicals in response to sweet foods, which can have a similar effect to having a separate dessert stomach[4]. These chemicals make us crave and enjoy sweet foods, even when we're already full. This is why we may find ourselves reaching for dessert even when we know we don't need it.


Sugar-Induced Reflex


The sugar in sweet foods stimulates a reflex that expands the stomach, making it easier to consume dessert even after a large meal[3]. This reflex can make us feel like we have more room for food, even if we're already full.


Anticipation and Appetite


The anticipation of a new and enjoyable food, such as dessert, can create an appetite, making it easier to consume more food even when we're full[2]. This is why we may find ourselves craving dessert even when we know we don't need it.


The Buffet Effect


Another factor that contributes to dessert stomach is the "buffet effect." When presented with a variety of foods, people tend to eat more calories than they would from any single food alone[4]. This can make us feel like we have more room for food, even if we're already full.


In conclusion, dessert stomach is not due to a separate physical stomach, but rather a combination of factors that make us feel like we have room for dessert even after a filling meal. Sensory-specific satiety, reward chemicals, sugar-induced reflexes, anticipation, and the buffet effect all contribute to this phenomenon. While it's okay to indulge in dessert every once in a while, it's important to be mindful of our eating habits and listen to our bodies when they tell us we're full.


Citations:

[1] https://scholars.wlu.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3517&context=etd

[2] https://www.illinoisscience.org/blog/room-for-dessert-why-we-crave-sweets-even-when-were-full/

[3] https://www.sidechef.com/articles/819/the-scientific-truth-about-dessert/

[4] https://slatestarcodex.com/2017/04/25/book-review-the-hungry-brain/

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